The use of two-dimensional ultrasound allows direct visualization of arterial structure and function. Using the ultrasound and specially developed software we can measure arterial thickness, a marker of arterial health. Firstly by imaging the carotid (neck) artery we can measure the IMT (intima-media thickness) in order to assess and identify the degree of atherosclerosis. Studies have shown a high correlation between patients having increased carotid IMT and having significant thickening and blockage in their coronary (heart) arteries.  Slowing the progression of the IMT thickening may reduce the risk of cardiac events such as heart attacks.

Arterial function can also be assessed by scanning the brachial (arm) artery and the artery's response to changes in flow.  Hyperaemia (increased blood flow) occurs when the blood flow in an artery is reduced or stopped and then retuned to normal flow.  The artery releases powerful chemicals which make it dilate in response to the increased flow.  Measuring the percent change in diameter between rest and after hyperaemic flow give and indication of arterial function.